Satellite radio wave receiving apparatus, radio controlled watch, code signal acquiring method, and recording medium

ABSTRACT

A satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60 includes a front end 60a which receives a radio wave including a code signal transmitted from a satellite, and a baseband unit 64 which acquires the code signal from the received radio wave, in which the baseband unit identifies a pseudo-random code sequence used for performing spread spectrum to the code signal and a phase of the pseudo-random code sequence in a transmission period, identifies a code type of the code signal every time according to the transmission period, identifies, by comparing an array of the identified code type with a plurality of comparison arrays expected to appear as the array of the code type, a head timing of each code in the code signal according to a comparison array in which a result of the comparison satisfies a predetermined condition, and identifies each code in synchronization with the identified head timing.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority fromthe prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-251028, filed Dec. 24,2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a satellite radio wave receivingapparatus, a radio controlled watch, a code signal acquiring method, anda recording medium.

Conventionally, there has been used an electronic watch (a radiocontrolled watch) having a function to acquire date and time informationby receiving radio waves including the date and time information, andcorrect a date and time counted by the watch. The radio controlled watchcan maintain substantially exactly counting and displaying a date andtime without a user's correction operation by periodically andautomatically performing such date and time correction.

The radio wave to be received by such a radio controlled watch includesradio waves transmitted from various positioning systems relating to aglobal navigation satellite system (GNSS), such as a positioningsatellite in a global positioning system (GPS) of the United States. Theradio wave from the positioning satellite is receivable in a wide areaon the earth where the skies are visibly recognized, and is preferablyused to adjust a date and time all over the world. In the radio wavetransmitted from a positioning satellite, a signal coded in apredetermined format determined according to a positioning satellite (acode signal; a navigation message) is transmitted, and date and timeinformation is acquired by decoding the code signal in accordance withthe format.

By modulating a phase using an individual pseudo-random code for eachpositioning satellite, spread spectrum is performed to the code signaltransmitted from the positioning satellite. In a positioning satellitein a GPS (referred to as a GPS satellite), by using a pseudo-random codesequence (a C/A code) having 1 msec period, phase modulation (spreadspectrum) is performed to a code to be transmitted every 20 msecs (50Hz) with 20 periods of C/A codes. After the C/A code and a phase of theC/A code in the received radio wave are identified, to decode thenavigation message, it is required to identify a head position of eachcode (a code synchronization point), that is, to identify that the codeis changed in synchronization with the C/A code in which period amongthe 20 periods.

In the radio controlled watch, the load of the processing to receive theradio wave is greatly larger than the processing to count and displaythe date and time. Especially, a portable electronic watch, such as awristwatch which needs downsizing and lightning, has a problem that theweight limit of the mounted battery makes receiving processing for along time and repetition of receiving processing in a short timedifficult. On the other hand, the identification of the synchronizationpoint sometimes fails when the receiving intensity is low, and has aproblem that the processing cannot be terminated in a short time.

In contrast, for example, JP 2007-187462 A discloses a technique tocomplete identification of a synchronization point in a short time byperforming in parallel the identification of the synchronization pointof a C/A code used for performing phase modulation (spread spectrum) ina transmission radio wave in a L1 band of a GPS satellite and a P codeused for performing spread spectrum in a transmission radio wave in a L2band, and improving the synchronization accuracy.

However, with a conventional technique, performing multiple identifyingprocessing in parallel increases the processing load. In other words,when a satellite radio wave is received, there is a problem that a codesignal cannot quickly certainly be acquired from the received satelliteradio wave while suppressing a load caused by identifying asynchronization point.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A purpose of the invention is to provide a satellite radio wavereceiving apparatus, a radio controlled watch, a code signal acquiringmethod, and a recording medium which can easily and quickly acquire acode signal form a received satellite radio wave while suppressing aload from increasing.

To attain the purpose, an embodiment of the present invention provides asatellite radio wave receiving apparatus including a receiver configuredto receive a radio wave including a code signal transmitted from asatellite, and a demodulator configured to acquire the code signal fromthe received radio wave, in which the demodulator identifies apseudo-random code sequence used for performing spread spectrum to thecode signal and a phase of the pseudo-random code sequence in atransmission period, identifies a code type of the code signal everytime according to the transmission period, identifies, by comparing anarray of the identified code type with a plurality of comparison arraysexpected to appear as the array of the code type, a head timing of eachcode in the code signal according to the comparison array in which aresult of the comparison satisfies a predetermined condition, andidentifies each code in synchronization with the identified head timing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of anelectronic watch in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram explaining a navigation message transmitted from aGPS satellite;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a trackingunit;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a 20-mssynchronizing circuit;

FIG. 5 is a table showing 20 patterns of code sequences output from areplica code generating unit;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of information acquiring processing performed byan electronic watch in the present embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of information receiving processing performed by asatellite radio wave receiving processing unit; and

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of code synchronization point determiningprocessing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to thedrawings below.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of anelectronic watch 1 which is a radio controlled watch in an embodiment ofthe present invention.

The electronic watch 1 is a radio controlled watch capable of receivinga radio wave from a positioning satellite (a satellite) relating to, atleast, a global positioning system (GPS) of the United States(hereinafter, referred to as a GPS satellite), demodulating a signal (acode signal), and acquiring date and time information.

The electronic watch 1 includes a host central processing unit (CPU) 41,a read only memory (ROM) 42, a random access memory (RAM) 43, anoscillator circuit 44, a divider circuit 45, a counter 46, a display 47,a display driver 48, an operation unit 49, a power supplying unit 50, asatellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60 as a satellite radiowave receiving apparatus, and an antenna AN.

The host CPU 41 performs various types of arithmetic processing, andcollectively controls the entire operation of the electronic watch 1.The host CPU 41 reads a control program from the ROM 42, and loads theprogram in the RAM 43, and thereby performs display of a date and time,arithmetic control relating to various functions, and various types ofoperation processing, such as display. Furthermore, the host CPU 41causes the satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60 to operateand to receive a radio wave from a positioning satellite, and acquiresdate and time information or position information calculated by thesatellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60 based on the receivedcontents.

The ROM 42 is a mask ROM, a rewritable nonvolatile memory, or the like,and stores control programs and initial setting data. The controlprogram includes a program 421 to control various types of processing toacquire various types information from the positioning satellite.

The RAM 43 is a volatile memory, such as an SRAM or a DRAM, provides thehost CPU 41 with a memory space for working, and stores temporary dataand various types of setting data. The various types of setting datainclude a date and time count in the electronic watch 1, and local timesetting relating to display, that is, home city setting relating to atime zone, and setting relating to presence or absence of summer time. Apart of or all of the various types of setting data to be stored in theRAM 43 may be stored in a nonvolatile memory.

The oscillator circuit 44 generates and outputs a predeterminedfrequency signal. As the oscillator circuit 44, a crystal oscillator isused, for example.

The divider circuit 45 divides a frequency signal input from theoscillator circuit 44 into signals having a frequency of a clock signalused by the counter 46 or the host CPU 41, and outputs the signals. Thefrequency of the output signal may be changeable based on setting of thehost CPU 41.

The counter 46 counts the current date and time by counting the numberof input times of a predetermined frequency signal (a clock signal)input from the divider circuit 45 and adding the number to an initialvalue. The counter 46 may vary a value to be stored in a RAM bysoftware, or includes a dedicated counter circuit. The date and timecounted by the counter 46 is not especially limited, and is any one ofan accumulated time from a predetermined timing, the universal timecoordinated (UTC) date and time, or a date and time in a home city (alocal time) set in advance. Note that, the date and time itself countedby the counter 46 is not necessarily held in a format of year-month-dayand hour-minute-second. The clock signal input from the divider circuit45 to the counter 46 can include a slight shift from the exacttime-lapse. The amount of the shift (rate) of the date and time countedby the counter 46 per day varies according to an operation environment,such as temperature, but is normally within ±0.5 seconds.

The display 47 includes, for example, a display screen, such as a liquidcrystal display (LCD) or an organic electro-luminescent (EL) display,and performs a digital display operation relating to the date and timeand various functions based on either or a combination of a dot matrixsystem or/and a segment system.

The display driver 48 outputs a drive signal according to the type ofthe display screen to the display 47 based on a control signal from thehost CPU 41, and displays the signal on the display screen.

The operation unit 49 accepts an input operation from a user, andoutputs an electrical signal according to the input operation to thehost CPU 41 as an input signal. The operation unit 49 includes, forexample, a push button switch and a winding crown switch.

Alternatively, with a touch sensor provided on the display screen of thedisplay 47, the display screen functions as a touch panel which outputsan operation signal according to detection of a touching position or atouching behavior of a user's touching operation to the touch sensor,and thereby the display 47 and the operation unit 49 may be integrallyprovided.

The power supplying unit 50 includes a battery, and supplies the unitswith power relating to the operations of the electronic watch 1 at apredetermined voltage. As the battery of the power supplying unit 50, asolar panel and a secondary cell are used here. The solar panelgenerates electromotive force with incident light, supplies power withthe units, such as the host CPU 41, and accumulates the power in thesecondary cell if surplus power is generated. On the other hand, if thepower which can be generated is insufficient for consumption power dueto the amount of incident light from outside to the solar panel, thesecondary cell supplies the units with power. Alternatively, as thebattery, a primary cell, such as a button type dry cell, may be used.

The satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60 tunes in a radiowave including a coded signal (a code signal) transmitted from thepositioning satellite through the antenna AN, identifies a C/A code (apseudo-random code sequence) and a phase of the C/A code used forperforming spread spectrum to the code signal, and acquires the signal.The satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60 demodulates theacquired code signal, identifies the code sequence to perform necessaryprocessing, and acquires desired information. The satellite radio wavereceiving processing unit 60 includes an LNA 61 (a low noise amplifier),a BPF 62 (a narrow band filter), an RF unit 63, a baseband unit 64(demodulator), and an oscillator circuit 65.

The RF unit 63 converts the received radio wave signal (an RF signal)into a signal in an intermediate frequency band (an IF signal), anddigitally converts the signal at a predetermined sampling frequency. TheRF signal in the predetermined frequency band received by the antennaAN, for example, in an L1 band (1.57542 GHz) from a GPS satellite isamplified by the high-gain LNA 61, and a receiving target frequencywidth alone is selectively passed through the BPF 62, such as a surfaceacoustic wave (SAW) filter, and input to the RF unit 63. The LNA 61, theBPF 62, and the RF unit 63 are front ends 60 a (a receiver) of thesatellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60.

The RF unit 63 includes a mixer 631, an LPF 632 (a low pass filter), anADC 633 (an analog-digital converter), and a divider circuit 634.

The divider circuit 634 operates as a local oscillator, divides theclock signal having a predetermined frequency input from the oscillatorcircuit 65 into a signal having an appropriate frequency, and inputs thesignal to the mixer 631.

The mixer 631 mixes the RF signal input from the BPF 62 and the dividedclock signal input from the divider circuit 634 to convert to the RFsignal into the IF signal.

The LPF 632 selectively allows a signal in a range corresponding to thefrequency signal to be received among IF signals to pass. The receivedfrequency of the radio wave from the positioning satellite is shifted bythe Doppler effect according to the relative velocity between thepositioning satellite and the receiving position, and the receivedfrequency is changeable within a range of a shift amount expected basedon the transmission frequency (L1 band).

The ADC 633 converts the signal having passed through the LPF 632 into adigital discrete value at a predetermined sampling frequency. Here, theADC 633 acquires the signal as the digital discrete value at a samplingfrequency higher than a frequency according to the frequency of the IFsignal (that is, a transmission frequency (1023 kHz) of each code (chip)of the C/A code), and outputs the value to an acquiring unit 641 or atracking unit 642 of the baseband unit 64.

The baseband unit 64 processes the IF signal data converted into thedigital discrete value, and acquires and calculates desired information.

The baseband unit 64 includes an acquiring unit 641 (an acquiring unit),a tracking unit 642 (a code type determining unit, a codesynchronization detecting unit, and a code identifying unit), a C/A codegenerating unit 643, a divider circuit 644, a module CPU 645, and amemory 646 (a memory).

The module CPU 645 controls the operations of the satellite radio wavereceiving processing unit 60 according to a control signal from the hostCPU 41 or an input of setting data. The module CPU 645 reads a necessaryprogram or setting data from the memory 646, operates the units of theRF unit 63 and the baseband unit 64, demodulates the received radio wavefrom each positioning satellite (inverse spread spectrum andidentification of each code), and acquires date and time information orposition information.

The module CPU 645 decodes the demodulated code signal, and acquiresdesired information, or can also identify, without decoding, thereceived contents and its timing by comparing the demodulated codesequence with a code sequence for comparison set in advance according tothe format of the navigation message, and detecting matching.

The memory 646 includes various nonvolatile memories, such as a flashmemory or an electrically erasable and programmable read only memory(EEPROM), and a RAM. The nonvolatile memory of the memory 646 storesvarious programs 646 a to measure a position and acquire date and timeinformation, setting data, and histories of the measurement of theposition and the acquisition of the date and time information. The datato be stored in the nonvolatile memory includes precise orbitinformation on each positioning satellite (Ephemeris), prediction orbitinformation (Almanac), a previous measured date and time and position,and a BER memory 646 b (a bit error rate; a code error rate; amisidentification incidence rate) used to verify the identification ofthe code. Here, the BER memory 646 b stores data of the code error ratesassociated with a plurality of stages of satellite radio wave receivingintensities (a correspondence relation between the receiving intensitiesand the code error rates). Furthermore, the RAM provides the module CPU645 of the satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60 with amemory space for working, and stores various types of temporary data.

The acquiring unit 641 identifies a type of the received positioningsatellite, that is, the C/A code and a phase of the C/A code bycalculating a correlation value between the digital discrete value ofthe IF signal input from the RF unit 63 and the C/A code in the phase ofeach positioning satellite, and detecting the peak. For the acquiringoperation, for example, a matched filter is used, the correlation valuesof the C/A codes of a plurality of positioning satellites are calculatedsimultaneously in parallel.

The tracking unit 642 maintains the identified C/A code and the phase ofthe C/A code of the identified positioning satellites, and continuouslyacquires the code signal relating to the navigation message from thepositioning satellite. The tracking unit 642 acquires and feeds backdifference information between the phase of the C/A code in the receivedsignal and the phase of the C/A code input from the C/A code generatingunit 643, performs inverse spread spectrum and demodulation of the radiowave to the received radio wave, and identifies each code (message code)while finely adjusting the phase shift. A plurality of configurations ofthe tracking unit 642 are provided in parallel according to the numberof positioning satellites which are processable in parallel. Theconfiguration of the tracking unit 642 is detailedly described later.

The C/A code generating unit 643 holds in advance chip array informationand the C/A codes of positioning satellites which can be received,sequentially generates the C/A codes of the positioning satellite to bereception candidates, or the identified positioning satellites, andselectively outputs the code to either the acquiring unit 641 or thetracking unit 642 at an appropriate speed. The C/A code generating unit643 can simultaneously generate the C/A codes relating to a plurality ofpositioning satellites and output the codes to the acquiring unit 641and the tracking unit 642 in parallel. Furthermore, the phase of the C/Acode to be output to the tracking unit 642 can be changed according to acontrol signal from the tracking unit 642 as described later.

The divider circuit 644 supplies the units of the baseband unit 64 witha predetermined clock signal. The clock signal generated by the dividercircuit 644 is used to, for example, generate an I-phase signal(In-phase) and a Q-phase signal (Quadrature-phase) which are theIQ-separated IF signal input to the tracking unit 642.

The units of the baseband unit 64, especially, the acquiring unit 641and the tracking unit 642 have dedicated hardware configurations(processors) and efficiently perform processing, but a CPU as aprocessor may perform a part or all of the functional operations of theunits under the software control.

The satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60 is supplied withpower directly from the power supplying unit 50, and its ON/OFF isswitched by a control signal from the host CPU 41. In other words, thepower supply to the satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60 isdisconnected separately from the host CPU 41 or the like whichconstantly operates while the radio wave reception from the positioningsatellite, the date and time acquisition, and a calculation operationrelating to measurement of the position are not performed.

Next, the format of the navigation message transmitted from the GPSsatellite is described.

In the GNSS, by dispersedly arranging a plurality of positioningsatellites on a plurality of orbits, radio waves transmitted from thedifferent positioning satellites are receivable from an observationpoint simultaneously. Thus, information on the current positions of thepositioning satellites and date and time information transmitted fromthe receivable positioning satellites are acquired from four or morepositioning satellites (three positioning satellites on the assumptionof being on the ground surface), and the position coordinates and thedate and time in a three-dimensional space can be determined by usingthe shift between the acquired data and the acquired timing, that is,the difference between the propagation times (distances) from thepositioning satellites. Furthermore, if the date and time information isacquired from one positioning satellite alone, the current date and timecan be acquired within an error range (about less than 100 msecs) of thepropagation time from the positioning satellite.

The positioning satellite generates a binary code array (navigationmessage) indicating information on the date and time, information on theposition of the satellite, and status information on the satellite'scondition, and performs spread spectrum by modulating the phase (BPSK)with the unique C/A code (pseudo-random noise) for each positioningsatellite, and transmits the navigation message. The format of the codesignal (the format of the navigation message) is determined for eachpositioning system.

FIG. 2 is a diagram explaining the navigation message transmitted fromthe GPS satellite.

In the GPS, each GPS satellite transmits 25 pages in total of frame datain 30-second units, and outputs all data in a 12.5-minute period. Theunique C/A code is used for each GPS satellite in the GPS, and 1023codes (chips) are arranged at 1.023 MHz and are repeated in a 1-msecperiod (transmission period) in the C/A code. The transmission time ofeach code (message code) of the code sequence which is the navigationmessage, is 20 msecs, that is, the length of 20 periods of the C/Acodes, and a head timing of the message code is synchronized with a headtiming of the transmission period of the C/A code.

By arranging the 30 message codes, a word of 0.6 seconds is constituted,and 10 words constitute a 6-second period subframe. Then, data of fivesubframes is to be data of one frame. The head of each subframe, thatis, the head of the first word includes a telemetry word (TLM) includinga preamble which is a fixed code sequence, and can be used tosynchronize the code sequence. Furthermore, the second word includes ahand over word (HOW) including date and time information, and is used toacquire the date and time information. The second and followingsubframes include orbit information on the positioning satellite, andthe information is used when the current position is specified(measured).

Next, the configuration to acquire the navigation message from thesatellite radio wave received by the electronic watch 1 of the presentembodiment is described.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the trackingunit 642.

The tracking unit 642 includes an IQ converting unit 6421, a phasecontrol unit 6422, and a code outputting unit 6423.

The IQ converting unit 6421 divides the IF signal into the I-phasesignal and the Q-phase signal, and outputs the signals. The IQconverting unit 6421 includes two mixers 6421 a and 6421 b, a 90° phaseshifter 6421 c, and an NCO 6421 d (a numeric value control oscillator).The mixer 6421 a mixes the input IF signal acquired at the samplingfrequency of the ADC 633 with a sinusoidal signal output from the NCO6421 d according to the clock signal having the IF frequency input fromthe divider circuit 644, and generates and outputs the I-phase signal.Furthermore, in the IQ converting unit 6421, the 90° phase shifter 6421c performs phase shift to the sinusoidal signal output from the NCO 6421d to make a cosine signal, and the mixer 6421 b mixes the cosine signalwith the IF signal, and thereby the Q-phase signal is generated andoutput.

The phase control unit 6422 detects and feeds back phase shift of theinput I-phase signal and Q-phase signal by calculating, using the C/Acode (chip) having the identified phase and chips having phases shiftedforward and backward from the identified phase by a predeterminedinterval (for example, ±0.5 chip), a correlation value between the C/Acode having the three phases, the I-phase signal, and the Q-phasesignal.

The phase control unit 6422 includes three mixers 6422 a to 6422 c forthe I-phase signal, LPFs 6422 d to 6422 f corresponding to the mixers6422 a to 6422 c respectively, three mixers 6422 g to 6422 i for theQ-signal, LPFs 6422 j to 6422 l corresponding to the mixers 6422 g to6422 i, a 3-bit shift register 6422 m, a loop filter 6422 n, and adifference calculating unit 6422 o.

The C/A code of the acquired positioning satellite is generated by theC/A code generating unit 643, and sequentially input to the 3-bit shiftregister 6422 m bit by bit at a timing to be the phase of the abovepredetermined interval earlier than the identified phase. The input codedata is moved to the second bit position at the predetermined interval,and further moved to the third bit position. In other words, the 3-bitcodes to be stored to the 3-bit shift register 6422 m are three of thecode at the predetermined interval (early phase) earlier than theidentified phase, the code at the identified phase (punctual phase), andthe code at the predetermined interval later than the identified phase(late phase).

The three codes are respectively mixed by the mixers 6422 a to 6422 cwith the I-phase signal, and mixed by the mixers 6422 g to 6422 i withthe Q-phase signal. The output signals of the mixers 6422 a to 6422 care respectively input to the LPFs 6422 d to 6422 f, and converted intoa mean value of about 1 ms corresponding to a period of the C/A code (acode mean value). Furthermore, the output signals of the mixers 6422 gto 6422 i are respectively input to the LPF 6422 j to 6422 l, andconverted into a mean value of about 1 ms similarly. Note that, insteadof a mean value, an additional value may be calculated.

Signals IE and QE which are the code length mean values of the outputsignals of the mixers 6422 a and 6422 g to be mixed with the IF signalof the advanced phase of the three chips (early phase), and signals ILand QL which are the code length mean values of the output signals ofthe mixers 6422 c and 6422 i to be mixed with the IF signal of thedelayed phase (late phase) are input to the difference calculating unit6422 o. The autocorrelation of the C/A code becomes maximum (correlationcoefficient=1) when the phases are equal, and the correlationcoefficient approaches “0” when the phases are shifted and thecorrelation coefficient suddenly drops. The propagation time of theradio wave from the positioning satellite varies according to therelative distance between the positioning satellite and the receivingposition, and which causes a phase shift. By calculating the differencebetween a value indicating a correlation value relating to the signal ofthe advanced phase (IE2+QE2) and a value indicating a correlation valuerelating to the signal of the delayed phase (IL2+QL2), the phase controlunit 6422 detects a slight phase shift and its direction of the actualIF signal with respect to the phases of the compared three chips.

The calculation result of the difference calculating unit 6422 o is fedback to the C/A code generating unit 643 through the loop filter 6422 n,and the output timing of each code data from the C/A code generatingunit 643 to the 3-bit shift register 6422 m is finely adjusted.

A signal IP which is a time mean value of the output signal of the mixer6422 b to be mixed with the I-phase signal of the intermediated phase(punctual phase) of the three codes output from the 3-bit shift register6422 m and a signal QP which is a time mean value of the output signalof the mixer 6422 h to be mixed with the Q-phase signal are output tothe code outputting unit 6423.

The code outputting unit 6423 includes a code calculating unit 6423 a,and a 20-ms synchronizing circuit 6423 b.

The code calculating unit 6423 a calculates the code type of theoriginal navigation message obtained by performing inverse spreadspectrum using the input signal IP and signal QP every msec (every timeaccording to the transmission period of the C/A code). The calculatedreception code is output to the 20-ms synchronizing circuit 6423 b andfurther output to the module CPU 645. Furthermore, the 20-mssynchronizing circuit 6423 b detects, based on the array of the codetype, the synchronization point of 20 msecs which is the length of themessage code (that is, the head timing of each code). The head timing in1-msec units (a chip synchronization point) is determined insynchronization with the timing when the code of the replica codesequence is output from the C/A code generating unit 643 to the 3-bitshift register 6422 m.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the 20-mssynchronizing circuit 6423 b.

The 20-ms synchronizing circuit 6423 b includes a data acquiring unit681, a replica code generating unit 682, an exclusive OR calculatingunit 683, the result of the comparison result preserving unit 684, amatching timing extracting unit 685, a reference value setting unit 686,and a verifying unit 687.

The data acquiring unit 681 outputs the code type data in 1-msec unitsinput from the code calculating unit 6423 a to the module CPU 645 andthe exclusive OR calculating unit 683.

The replica code generating unit 682 generates a replica code array (areplica code sequence r) in 1-msec units to identify a 20-msecsynchronization point in the navigation message, and outputs the arrayto the exclusive OR calculating unit 683.

FIG. 5 is a table showing 20 patterns of code sequences output from thereplica code generating unit 682.

The length of each code of the navigation message is 20 msecs, and thecode can be switched every 20 periods of the C/A codes having 1 msecperiod, that is, every 20 sets of code type data in 1-msec units. In the20-ms synchronizing circuit 6423 b, 20 patterns of the replica codesequences r(0) to r(19) (a plurality of comparison arrays) which areswitched from “1” (a predetermined code type) to “0” (the other codetype) at a different position from each other among the 20 replica codes(an inter-code position) (including the code switched at the head, thatis, all of the codes to become “0”) are to be compared with the array ofthe actually identified code type in 1-msec units. Note that, thereplica code generating unit 682 does not need to hold all of the dataof the replica code sequences r(0) to r(19) as a table in advance, andis only required to appropriately output the data.

The exclusive OR calculating unit 683 calculates an exclusive OR of theinput code type in 1-msec units and the replica code of each replicacode sequence input from the replica code generating unit 682, andoutputs a calculation result, that is, a value indicatingmatching/mismatching to the comparison result preserving unit 684.

The comparison result preserving unit 684 integrates, for each of thereplica code sequences r(0) to r(19), the values indicating thematching/mismatching of the code of each of the replica code sequencesr(0) to r(19) output from the exclusive OR calculating unit 683 and theinput code, and holds the calculated value as a result of a comparisonresult integrated value E(i) (i=0 to 19). The comparison resultintegrated value E(i) is to be “20” (perfect matching) if the code ofthe replica code sequence matches the input code 20 times in 20 times ofcomparison, and to be “0” (perfect mismatching) if the code of thereplica code sequence never matches the input code. As described above,since the replica code sequences r(0) to r(19) indicate the variationpatterns only when the code types vary from “1” to “0”, if the codetypes in 1-msec units vary from “0” to “1” at the same timing when thereplica code sequence r varies from “1” to “0”, all of the 20 codes areto be mismatching (perfect mismatching). In other words, when the codetypes of all input codes are exactly determined and the code varies atthe 20-msec synchronization point, the comparison result integratedvalue corresponding to the replica code sequence matched with the20-msec synchronization point is to be “20” or “0” in 20 msecs, thecomparison result integrated value E(i) reduces from 20 or increase from0 one by one every time the replica code sequence shifts from 20-msecsynchronization point by 1 msec. Note that, when the adjacent codes donot vary, the comparison result integrated value E(19) is to be perfectmatching or imperfect matching during 20 msecs including the switchingtiming among these adjacent codes.

Furthermore, the comparison result preserving unit 684 holds acompatible degree F(i) (i=0 to 19) (a compatible matching degree). Thecompatible degree F(i) is an integrated value by converting the value ofE(i) every 20 times of comparison, and an index indicating a compatibledegree when a perfect matching and a perfect mismatching are handledequally. The compatible degree F(i) is calculated with the followingexpression (1):F(i)=Σm|N−2×E(i)|  (1)

Here, Σm indicates the sum of the number of 20-msec periods m.

In other words, the compatible degree F(i) becomes maximum in both casesof the perfect matching and the imperfect matching, and becomes minimumwhen the number of matchings and the number of mismatchings are equal.Thus, without distinguishing the matching degree in the period in whichthe code types vary from “0” to “1” from the matching degree in theperiod in which the code types vary from “1” to “0”, it is possible toeasily accumulate (add up) a plurality of periods and evaluate.

The matching timing extracting unit 685 determines a replica codesequence to be a matching timing candidate according to the comparisonresult of the replica code sequences r(0) to r(19) and the input codeheld by the comparison result preserving unit 684, outputs informationon the matching timing candidate to the verifying unit 687, and alsooutputs code switching timing information (timing data) in the replicacode sequence to the module CPU 645.

The verifying unit 687 verifies whether it can be determined that thematching timing is appropriate based on the information on the matchingtiming candidate, and outputs the verification result to the module CPU645.

The reference value setting unit 686 sets a reference value to verifythe matching timing in the verifying unit 687, and outputs the value tothe verifying unit 687.

Note that, the matching timing extracting unit 685, the reference valuesetting unit 686, and the verifying unit 687 each may be constituted bya dedicated hardware configuration (processor), or a part or all of thefunctions may be implemented according to software control by a programusing a CPU and a RAM as a processor. The CPU and RAM may be dedicatedto the 20-ms synchronizing circuit 6423 b, or may be the module CPU 645.

Next, an information acquiring operation by receiving the satelliteradio wave in the electronic watch 1 is described below.

In the electronic watch 1 of the present embodiment, the satellite radiowave receiving processing unit 60 is activated by the instruction of thehost CPU 41, and the type of the information to be acquired, that is,the information on the current date and time, position, or the like isappropriately set. The satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60starts to receive the satellite radio wave, receives the radio wave fromthe positioning satellite according to the set type of the informationto be acquired to perform necessary arithmetic processing, acquires theinformation to be acquired, and transmits the information to the hostCPU 41.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart indicating a control procedure by the host CPU 41in information acquiring processing performed in the electronic watch 1of the present embodiment.

The information acquiring processing is started according to a user'spredetermined input operation to the operation unit 49, a predeterminedstart condition, such as detection of incident light more than areference value by a light sensor, which is not illustrated, once a day.

When the information acquiring processing is started, the host CPU 41activates the satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60 (stepS101), and transmits the setting of the information to be acquired tothe module CPU 645 (step S102). Then, the host CPU 41 waits for theacquired information transmitted from the satellite radio wave receivingprocessing unit 60 (the module CPU 645).

The host CPU 41 receives the data transmitted from the module CPU 645,acquires the information to be acquired, and causes the units to operateaccording to the information (step S103). This operating includes, forexample, an operation to display a result on the display 47, or toupdate data of the RAM 43 or the counter 46.

The host CPU 41 stops the operation of the satellite radio wavereceiving processing unit 60 (step S104), updates the reception history,and stores the updated history in the RAM 43 (step S105). Then, the hostCPU 41 terminates the information acquiring processing.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure of informationreceiving processing performed by the satellite radio wave receivingprocessing unit 60 of the electronic watch 1.

The information receiving processing is automatically started when thesatellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60 is activated in theabove described information acquiring processing.

When the information receiving processing is started, the module CPU 645performs the initial setting and the activation checking (step S201).The initial setting includes setting of the information to be receivedacquired from the host CPU 41. At this time, a count number N, and theabove described comparison result integrated value E(i) and compatibledegree F(i) are initialized to “0”. The module CPU 645 starts to receivethe radio waves from positioning satellites (here, GPS satellites) (stepS202).

The module CPU 645 causes the acquiring unit 641 to perform anacquisition operation to compare the chip array (replica code) known asthe C/A code of each GPS satellite with the chip data of each receivedC/A code at each received frequency (step S203). The acquiring unit 641calculates the correlation between the replica code and the chip of eachreceived data, and acquires the received radio wave signal from thepositioning satellite by identifying the C/A code and the phase whichhave a high correlation value at either frequency. At this time, theacquiring unit 641 can perform the correlation calculation of thereplica code to a plurality of predetermined positioning satellitessimultaneously in parallel.

When radio waves from more than the number of positioning satellites tobe received set in the initial setting are acquired, the module CPU 645starts the operation to cause the tracking unit 642 to track the radiowave of each positioning satellite acquired by the acquiring unit 641(step S204). The tracking unit 642 determines the code type of thesignal in 1-msec period while appropriately maintaining the phase of theC/A code, and performs code synchronization point determining processingto determine the head timing (code synchronization point) of each codein the signal of each positioning satellite (step S205). The codesynchronization point determining processing is described later.

When the code synchronization point is determined, the module CPU 645acquires the array (code sequence) of the message code in 20-msec unitstransmitted from each positioning satellite tracked by the tracking unit642 (step S206). The module CPU 645 identifies each code using 20 codetypes obtained from the code synchronization point every msec.

The module CPU 645 decodes the acquired code sequence, and acquires theinformation to be acquired (step S207). Alternatively, the module CPU645 may acquire, by comparing the acquire code sequence with the codesequence expected to be received and confirming the matching, theinformation to be acquired according to the timing when the matching ofthe contents of the expected code sequence is confirmed.

The module CPU 645 outputs the acquired information to be acquired tothe host CPU 41 (step S208), and terminates receiving the radio wavesfrom the positioning satellites in accordance with the instruction ofthe above described step S104 (step S209). Then, the module CPU 645terminates the information receiving processing. Thereafter, the powersupply to the satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60 isdisconnected according to the processing in the above described stepS105, and the operation of the satellite radio wave receiving processingunit 60 is stopped.

Next, the operation contents of the code synchronization pointdetermining processing called in the processing in the above describedstep S205 is described below.

As described above, the length of the signal (navigation message)transmitted from the GPS satellite is 20 msecs, that is, the messagecodes having the length of 20 periods of the C/A codes are arranged.Thus, when the code type identified every msec (1 kHz) insynchronization with the receiving period of the C/A code, theidentified code type can vary every 20 codes, and the timing when thecode type can vary needs to be determined to identify the code. In theelectronic watch 1 of the present embodiment, a probabilisticallycorrect head timing is identified according to an accuracy required forthe electronic watch 1 taking the state in which the radio wavereceiving intensity is low and misidentification of the code type isslightly expected into consideration.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure of codesynchronization point determining processing.

In the code outputting unit 6423, the code calculating unit 6423 aidentifies the code type every msec, and outputs the type to theexclusive OR calculating unit 683. Furthermore, every time thecomparison result (exclusive OR) between the output of the exclusive ORcalculating unit 683 and each replica code sequence r(i), the matchingtiming extracting unit 685 (or the CPU of the 20-ms synchronizingcircuit 6423 b, or the module CPU 645) updates the comparison resultvalue by integrating the value with the comparison result integratedvalue E(i) of the comparison result preserving unit 684, and adds “1” tothe count number N every time all comparison result integrated valuesE(i) are updated (step S801).

The matching timing extracting unit 685 determines whether the countnumber N is 20 (step S802). When determining that the count number N isnot 20 (“NO” in step S802), the matching timing extracting unit 685returns the processing to step S801.

When determining that the count number N is 20 (“YES” in step S802), thematching timing extracting unit 685 converts the comparison resultintegrated value E(i) of the comparison result preserving unit 684 intothe additional value to the compatible degree F(i), and adds theadditional value to the compatible degree F(i) stored in the comparisonresult preserving unit 684. Furthermore, the matching timing extractingunit 685 initializes the comparison result integrated value E(i) and thecount number N to “0”, and adds “1” to the number of 20-msec periods m(step S803).

The matching timing extracting unit 685 extracts the highest valuemax1(F(i)) among the calculated compatible degrees F(i) as a maximumcompatible value Fm1, and extracts the second highest value max2(F(i))as a second compatible value Fm2 (step S804). Furthermore, the matchingtiming extracting unit 685 restores the maximum compatible value Fm1 andthe second compatible value Fm2 to the corresponding maximum comparisonresult integrated value Em1=(m×N−Fm1)/2, and second comparison resultintegrated value Em2=(m×N−Fm2)/2 respectively, and outputs the restoredvalues together with the count number N and the number of 20-msecperiods m to the verifying unit 687 (step S805). The maximum comparisonresult integrated value Em1 and the second comparison result integratedvalue Em2 obtained here become Em1 , Em2≥m×N/2 regardless of theoriginal comparison result integrated value E(i). Thus, the switchingtiming of the code in the replica code sequence r corresponding to themaximum compatible value Fm1 to be a candidate of the head timing ofeach code.

When the maximum comparison result integrated value Em1 and the secondcomparison result integrated value Em2 are input, the verifying unit 687acquires a code error rate ε (BER) (step S806). The code error rate cis, as described above, defined as a value according to the receivingintensity of the satellite radio wave and stored in the BER memory 646 bof the memory 646, and the verifying unit 687 acquires, by referring tothe BER memory 646 b (or, acquiring the rate through the module CPU645), the code error rate c according to the radio wave receivingintensity from the receiving positioning satellite. When there is nodata relating to the corresponding radio wave receiving intensity, thecode error rate c can be calculated with a predetermined function, suchas linear interpolation, by using higher and lower adjacent radio wavereceiving intensities and code error rates E. Alternatively, the codeerror rate corresponding to the closest radio wave receiving intensityto the actual receiving intensity among the rates stored in the BERmemory 646 b or the code error rate corresponding to the closest radiowave receiving intensity in the lower side than the obtained receivingintensity may be directly used.

The verifying unit 687 calculates the ratio (a probability ratio Pd)between a probability of occurrence P1 (a first incompatible probabilityof occurrence) of the maximum comparison result integrated value Em1 anda probability of occurrence P2 (a second incompatible probability ofoccurrence) of the second comparison result integrated value Em2 (stepS807). The probabilities of occurrence P1 and P2 are the followingexpressions (2) and (3) respectively, and the probability ratio Pd isindicated with an expression (4).P1=(1−ε)m·N−Em1·εEm1·m·NCEm1  (2)P2=(1−ε)m·N−Em2·εEm2·m·NCEm2  (3)Pd=P1/P2  (4)

The probability ratio Pd indicates, when the correct head timing of thecode is the switching timing of the code in the replica code sequence r(a second compatible comparison array) corresponding to the secondcomparison result integrated value Em2, the probability of identifyingthe incorrect position due to misidentifying the code, that is, theswitching timing of the code in the replica code sequence rcorresponding to the maximum comparison result integrated value Em1. Inother words, as the probability ratio Pd is lower, the probability ofbeing the correct head timing of the code in the replica code sequence rcorresponding to the maximum comparison result integrated value Em1becomes higher.

Here, the verifying unit 687 does not calculate the probability ratio Pdafter calculating the probabilities of occurrence P1 and P2 separatelyto reduce the calculation processing amount, but may directly calculatethe probability ratio Pd with the expression obtained by developing theexpression of the above described probability ratio Pd. Furthermore, theprobability ratio Pd does not need to be calculated exactly, and may beappropriately calculated with an approximation expression within a rangein which the accuracy is not significantly reduced. As theapproximation, for example, a linear approximation is used.Alternatively, the Stirling's approximation is preferably usedcorresponding to the probabilities of occurrence P1 and P2 which arebinomial distribution. The verifying unit 687 enables the probabilityratio Pd to be calculated with a simplified expression using the codeerror rate E, the maximum comparison result integrated value Em1, thesecond comparison result integrated value Em2, and the count number N asparameters in advance, and calculates the probability ratio Pd bysubstituting the parameters when these parameters are acquired.

The verifying unit 687 acquires the reference value for the probabilityratio Pd from the reference value setting unit 686, and determineswhether the calculated probability ratio Pd is less than the referencevalue (satisfies a predetermined compatibility condition) (step S808).The reference value can be appropriately set according to the accuracyrequired for the electronic watch 1, but may be a fixed value. In thiscase, the fixed value is incorporated into a program for codesynchronization point determining processing, and the reference valuesetting unit 686 may not be provided. As the fixed value, for example,10-8 is used. If the processing by the verifying unit 687 is performed,for example, once a day, the frequency of misidentifying the head timingof each code with the fixed value is once every 108 days, that is, onceevery about 270 thousand years, and is negligible in the product life.

Note that, as described above, when the code does not vary, theswitching timing of the code is apparently matched with the replica codesequence r(19), and the calculation of the probability and theprobability ratio Pd can be affected. Thus, the addition to thecompatible degree F(i) may be stopped according to the relation betweenthe replica code sequence r(19) obtained in the adjacent periods and thecomparison result integrated value E(19), or the relation between themaximum comparison result integrated value Em1 in the adjacent periodsand the replica code sequence corresponding to the second comparisonresult integrated value Em2, or a conventional method of other perfectmatchings may be also used if the switching timing of the code isassumed to be matched with the replica code sequence r(19).

When determining that the probability ratio Pd is not less than thereference value (“NO” in step S808), the processing of the verifyingunit 687 proceeds to step S809. The verifying unit 687 returns theprocessing to the matching timing extracting unit 685, and the matchingtiming extracting unit 685 determines whether a predetermined upperlimit time has expired after the count of the count number N is started(step S809). When determining that the upper limit time has not expired(“NO” in step S809), the processing of the matching timing extractingunit 685 is returned to step S801. When determining that the upper limittime has expired (“YES” in step S809), the matching timing extractingunit 685 terminates, as an error, the determination of the codesynchronization point, and outputs the verification result to the moduleCPU 645 (step S812). Then, the code synchronization point determiningprocessing is terminated, and the processing is returned to theinformation receiving processing.

When determining that the calculated probability ratio Pd is less thanthe reference value in the determination processing in step S808 (“YES”in step S808), the verifying unit 687 decides (determines) the codesynchronization point at the switching timing (maximum compatibletiming) of the code in the replica code sequence (maximum compatiblecomparison array) corresponding to the maximum comparison resultintegrated value Em1 (step S811), outputs the verification result to themodule CPU 645, terminates the code synchronization point determiningprocessing, and returns the processing to the information receivingprocessing.

As described above, the satellite radio wave receiving processing unit60 included in the electronic watch 1 of the present embodiment includesthe front end 60 a which receives a radio wave including a code signaltransmitted from a positioning satellite, and the baseband unit 64 whichacquires the code signal from the received radio wave, in which thebaseband unit 64 includes the acquiring unit 641, as an acquiring unit,which identifies a pseudo-random code sequence used for performingspread spectrum to the code signal and the phase of the pseudo-randomcode sequence in a transmission period, the code calculating unit 6423 a(and the IQ converting unit 6421, the phase control unit 6422) whichidentifies a code type of the code signal every time according to thetransmission period of the pseudo-random code sequence, the 20-mssynchronizing circuit 6423 b which identifies, by comparing an array ofthe identified code type with a plurality of replica code sequences r(i)expected to appear as the array of the code type, a head timing of eachcode in the code signal according to the replica code sequence r(i) inwhich a result of the comparison satisfies a predetermined condition,and the tracking unit 642, as the code type determining unit, the codesynchronization detecting unit, and the code identifying unit, includingthe module CPU 645 or the like which identifies each code insynchronization with the identified head timing.

With these configurations, especially when the receiving intensity ofthe satellite radio wave is insufficient and the identification of thecode type can include slight errors, probabilistically, the codesynchronization point is determined at the time when higher accuracythan the necessary is acquired, and it is possible to reduce thepossibility of prolonging the receiving time of the satellite radio waveand acquire necessary information easily and quickly while suppressingthe load from increasing.

Furthermore, the replica code sequence r(i) is a code array of 20 bitsaccording to 20 msecs which is the transmission time of each code in thecode signal, and the tracking unit 642 accumulates a plurality ofperiods of the comparison results of the array of the code type with thereplica code sequence r(i) every 20 msecs, and identifies the headtiming of each code.

Thus, since it is unnecessary to increase the length or the size of thereplica code sequence r(i), the storage capacity is not increased, andthe processing load is not increased by the read.

Furthermore, each of the replica code sequences r(i) varies from “1” ofthe binary code to “0” midway, and has a different inter-code position,where the vary occurs, from each other, the tracking unit 642 calculatesthe compatible degree F(i) indicating a compatible degree according to ahigher rate of a matching rate and a mismatching rate between each codetype of the array of the code type compared for each period of replicacode sequence r(i) and each code type of the replica code sequence r(i),and defines, as a candidate of the head timing, the inter-code positionin the replica code sequence corresponding to the highest the maximumcompatible value Fm1 of values obtained by integrating the periods ofcompatible degrees F(i).

Thus, if slight misidentification of the code type occurs, theidentifying processing of the head timing by defining aprobabilistically likelihood position as a candidate of the head timing,and which does not make the processing complicated and the processingtime prolonged.

Furthermore, in order to identify the code type, the tracking unit 642calculates, based on the code error rate c determined according to areceiving intensity of the satellite radio wave, the probability ratioPd of the probability of occurrence P1 relating to an occurrence of thenumber of code types incompatible with the array of the code type in thereplica code sequence corresponding to the maximum compatible value Fm1(does not match if the number of matching is larger, does not mismatchif the number of mismatchings is larger) to the probability ofoccurrence P2 relating to an occurrence of the number of code typesincompatible with the array of the code type in the replica codesequence corresponding to the second compatible value Fm2 which is thesecond highest compatible degree F(i), and determines whether thecandidate of the head timing determined according to whether thecompatibility condition that the probability ratio Pd is less than thepredetermined reference value is satisfied is identified as the headtiming.

Thus, it is possible to identify, as the correct head timing of the codein accordance with the required accuracy, the inter-code positionsatisfying the condition that the probability of accidentallymisidentifying the inter-code position of the replica code sequencehaving the second highest compatible degree as the correct inter-codeposition due to misidentifying the code type is sufficiently low. Inother words, it is possible to sufficiently reduce the possibility ofmisrecognizing the code synchronization point according to a requiredaccuracy.

Furthermore, since the memory 646 which stores the correspondencerelation between the receiving intensity of the satellite radio wave andthe code error rate as the BER memory 646 b is provided, it is possibleto easily acquire the code error rate from the receiving intensity.

Furthermore, the memory 646 stores data in which a plurality ofreceiving intensities set in advance and a code error rate in thereceiving intensity are associated with each other, and the verifyingunit 687 of the tracking unit 642 calculates, based on the data, thecode error rate according to the receiving intensity of the radio waveby performing interpolation with a predetermined function.

Thus, the size of the BER memory 646 b does not need to be increasedmore than necessary, and it is possible to acquire, with simplecalculate processing, such as linear interpolation, the code error ratewithout a practical problem.

Furthermore, the probability of occurrence P1 and the probability ofoccurrence P2 are binomial distribution, and the tracking unit 642calculates the probability ratio Pd with a predetermined approximationexpression. In other words, with regard to the processing the calculateamount of which increases when the calculation is exactly performed, thecalculation is simplified within a range in which the accuracy is notadversely affected, and it is possible to appropriately identify thecode synchronization point while reducing the processing load and theprocessing time.

Furthermore, the electronic watch 1 of the present embodiment includesthe above described satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60,the counter 46 which counts a date and time, and the display 47 whichdisplays an hour based on the date and time counted by the counter 46,in which the baseband unit 64 calculates the current date and time fromthe acquire signal, and outputs data to correct the date and timecounted by the counter 46 according to the calculated current date andtime.

Thus, with the electronic watch 1, it is possible to easily certainlyacquire date and time information, and maintain the correct date andtime by correcting the date and time of the counter 46 withoutprolonging the receiving time by the satellite radio wave receivingprocessing unit 60 more than necessary while suppressing the load.

Furthermore, a code signal acquiring method of the present embodiment isa code signal acquiring method for acquiring a code signal from areception signal of a radio wave including a code signal transmittedfrom a positioning satellite, the code signal acquiring method includesan acquiring step of identifying a pseudo-random code sequence used forperforming spread spectrum to the code signal and a phase of thepseudo-random code sequence in a transmission period, a code typedetermining step of identifying a code type of the code signal everytime according to the transmission period of the pseudo-random codesequence, a code synchronize detecting step of identifying, by comparingan array of the identified code type with a plurality of replica codesequences expected to appear as the array of the code type, a headtiming of each code in the code signal according to the replica codesequence in which a result of the comparison satisfies a predeterminedcondition, and a code identifying step of identifying each code insynchronization with the identified head timing.

In other words, since the optimal inter-code position is defined as thecode synchronization point by condition determination using thecomparison of the replica code sequence to identify the codesynchronization point, especially when the receiving intensity is low,and if the code type cannot be completely identified withoutmisrecognition during the code synchronization point is identified, itis possible to suppress the rate of prolonging the receiving time morethan necessary due to re-reception, and thus it is possible to easilyquickly acquire the code signal more certainly while suppressingconfigurations, such as reception of an L2 band or identification of a Pcode, or load from increasing.

Furthermore, a program 646 a relating to acquisition of a date and timeand a positioning operation of the present embodiment causes a computer,which acquires a code signal from a reception signal of a radio waveincluding the code signal (navigation message) transmitted from apositioning satellite, to function as an acquiring unit configured toidentify a pseudo-random code sequence used for performing spreadspectrum to the code signal and a phase of the pseudo-random codesequence in a transmission period, a code type determining unitconfigured to identify a code type of the code signal every timeaccording to the transmission period, a code synchronization detectingunit configured to identify, by comparing an array of the identifiedcode type with a plurality of comparison arrays expected to appear asthe array of the code type, a head timing of each code in the codesignal according to the comparison array in which a result of thecomparison satisfies a predetermined condition, and a code identifyingunit configured to identify each code in synchronization with theidentified head timing.

Thus, without configurations and processing necessary for receiving anL2 band or identifying a P code, and increasing the load, it is possibleto acquire a code signal with a quick brief operation.

Note that, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment,and can be variously modified.

For example, in the above embodiment, the code type is acquired for eachtransmission period of the pseudo-random code sequence, but may beacquired each from a plurality of periods into which the transmissionperiod is further divided. In this case, the replica code sequence r isonly required to be generated only at the timing synchronized with thehead of each period of the pseudo-random code.

In the above embodiment, the comparison result of a plurality periods ofthe C/A codes is added and a likelihood inter-code position is definedas the code synchronization point according to the periods of theresults. However, when the sufficiently receiving sensitivity is highand it can be determined, from the comparison result of each replicacode sequence, that misidentification does not occur, the codesynchronization point may be determined according to the comparisonresult of one period or a short period regardless of probability.

Furthermore, it has been described that the following processing isnecessarily performed regardless of the absolute value of the number ofincompatible code types in each transmission period of the C/A code inthe above embodiment. However, if the minimum number of incompatiblecode types is a predetermined reference value or more (for example, morethan 3 of 20), the result of the transmission period may not be used(added) for the following processing, and the processing in the periodof the verifying unit 687 may not be omitted as it is recognized thatthe code type has not been determined with the obviously sufficientaccuracy.

In the above embodiment, 20 patterns which vary from “1” to “0” areexemplified as the replica code sequence r(i), but the patterns may varyfrom “0” to “1”, or these patterns may be mixed. Alternatively, 40patterns of both of a variation pattern from “1” to “0” and a variationpattern from “0” to “1” are held, and the patterns having the sameinter-code position are added up by handling mismatching and matchingseparately, or using dispersion of the number of matchings, and thus theinter-code position may be identified.

Furthermore, the BER memory 646 b stores a plurality of stages ofreceiving intensities and the code error rate corresponding to thereceiving intensity, and acquires the code error rate by performinginterpolation as necessary in the above embodiment, but may storeexpression or the like and calculate the code error rate according tothe receiving intensity.

Furthermore, in the above embodiment, it is exemplified that theelectronic watch 1 which is a radio controlled watch is equipped withthe satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60, but the presentinvention can be applied to the case that an electronic device in whicha clock function is a main function, such as a positioning device or anavigation device, is equipped with the satellite radio wave receivingprocessing unit 60.

Furthermore, in the above embodiment, it is exemplified the case inwhich a radio wave from a GPS satellite is received, but the presentinvention can be applied to the Japanese MICHIBIKI or European Galileowhich uses the same radio wave transmission method as the GPS satellite.Furthermore, the present invention can be similarly applied to theRussian GLONASS by adjusting a frequency, a modulation method, a C/Acode length (511 chip), or the like.

Furthermore, in the above descriptions, the nonvolatile memory of thememory 646 is exemplified as a computer-readable medium (storage medium)storing operation control programs relating to the information receivingprocessing in the satellite radio wave receiving processing unit 60according to an embodiment of the present invention, especially, thecode synchronization point determining processing, but thecomputer-readable medium is not limited to this. As othercomputer-readable mediums, a portable recording medium, such as a harddisk drive (HDD), a CD-ROM, or a DVD disc, is applicable. Furthermore,as a medium which provides data of the programs according to the presentinvention through a communication line, a carrier wave can be applied tothe present invention.

In addition, the concrete configurations, operation contents,procedures, or the like described in the above embodiments can bemodified without departing from the scope of the present invention.

It has been the embodiments of the present invention, but the scope ofthe present invention is not limited to the above described embodiments,and includes the scope described in the claims and equivalents thereof.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A satellite radio wave receiving apparatuscomprising: a receiver configured to receive a radio wave including acode signal transmitted from a satellite; and a demodulator configuredto acquire the code signal from the received radio wave, wherein thedemodulator is configured to: identify a pseudo-random code sequenceused for performing spread spectrum to the code signal and a phase ofthe pseudo-random code sequence in a transmission period; identify acode type of the code signal for every transmission period; identify, bycomparing an array of the identified code type with a plurality ofcomparison arrays expected to appear as the array of the code type, ahead timing of each code in the code signal according to the comparisonarray in which a result of the comparison satisfies a predeterminedcondition, wherein the comparison array has a length according to atransmission time of each code in the code signal, and wherein thedemodulator accumulates, in the length of the comparison array, aplurality of periods of results of the comparison of the array of thecode type with the comparison array, and identifies the head timing; andidentify each code in synchronization with the identified head timing.2. The satellite radio wave receiving apparatus according to claim 1,wherein each of the plurality of comparison arrays varies from apredetermined code type of a binary code to the other code type midway,and has a different inter-code position, where the vary occurs, fromeach other, and wherein the demodulator calculates a compatible matchingdegree indicating a compatible degree according to a higher rate of amatching rate and a mismatching rate between each code type of the arrayof the code type compared for each period of the comparison array andeach code type of the comparison array, defines the inter-code positionin a maximum compatible comparison array corresponding to a highestvalue of values obtained by integrating the plurality of periods ofcompatible matching degrees as a maximum compatible timing, and definesthe maximum compatible timing as a candidate of the head timing.
 3. Aradio controlled watch comprising: a satellite radio wave receivingapparatus according to claim 1; a counter configured to count a date andtime; and a display configured to display an hour based on the date andtime counted by the counter, wherein the demodulator calculates acurrent date and time from the acquired signal, and corrects the dateand time counted by the watching unit according to the calculatedcurrent date and time.
 4. The satellite radio wave receiving apparatusaccording to claim 2, wherein in order to identify the code type, thedemodulator calculates, based on a misidentification incidence ratedetermined according to a receiving intensity of the radio wave, aprobability ratio of a first incompatible probability of occurrencerelating to an occurrence of the number of incompatible code types inthe maximum compatible comparison array to a second incompatibleprobability of occurrence relating to an occurrence of the number ofincompatible code types in a second compatible comparison arraycorresponding to a second highest value of the values obtained byintegrated the plurality of periods of the compatible matching degrees,and determines whether the maximum compatible timing is identified asthe head timing according to whether the probability ratio satisfies apredetermined compatibility condition.
 5. A radio controlled watchcomprising: a satellite radio wave receiving apparatus according toclaim 2; a counter configured to count a date and time; and a displayconfigured to display an hour based on the date and time counted by thecounter, wherein the demodulator calculates a current date and time fromthe acquired signal, and corrects the date and time counted by thecounter according to the calculated current date and time.
 6. Thesatellite radio wave receiving apparatus according to claim 4 furthercomprising a memory configured to store a correspondence relationbetween the receiving intensity and the misidentification incidencerate.
 7. The satellite radio wave receiving apparatus according to claim4, wherein the first incompatible probability of occurrence and thesecond incompatible probability of occurrence are binomial distribution,and wherein the demodulator calculates the probability ratio with apredetermined approximation expression.
 8. A radio controlled watchcomprising: a satellite radio wave receiving apparatus according toclaim 4; a counter configured to count a date and time; and a displayconfigured to display an hour based on the date and time counted by thecounter, wherein the demodulator calculates a current date and time fromthe acquired signal, and corrects the date and time counted by thecounter according to the calculated current date and time.
 9. Thesatellite radio wave receiving apparatus according to claim 6, whereinthe memory stores data in which a plurality of receiving intensities setin advance and the misidentification incidence rate in the receivingintensities are associated with each other, and wherein the demodulatorcalculates, based on the data stored in the memory, themisidentification incidence rate according to the receiving intensitiesof the radio wave by performing interpolation with a predeterminedfunction.
 10. The satellite radio wave receiving apparatus according toclaim 6, wherein the first incompatible probability of occurrence andthe second incompatible probability of occurrence are binomialdistribution, and wherein the demodulator calculates the probabilityratio with a predetermined approximation expression.
 11. A radiocontrolled watch comprising: a satellite radio wave receiving apparatusaccording to claim 6; a counter configured to count a date and time; anda display configured to display an hour based on the date and timecounted by the counter, wherein the demodulator calculates a currentdate and time from the acquired signal, and corrects the date and timecounted by the counter according to the calculated current date andtime.
 12. A radio controlled watch comprising: a satellite radio wavereceiving apparatus according to claim 7; a counter configured to counta date and time; and a display configured to display an hour based onthe date and time counted by the counter, wherein the demodulatorcalculates a current date and time from the acquired signal, andcorrects the date and time counted by the counter according to thecalculated current date and time.
 13. The satellite radio wave receivingapparatus according to claim 9, wherein the first incompatibleprobability of occurrence and the second incompatible probability ofoccurrence are binomial distribution, and wherein the demodulatorcalculates the probability ratio with a predetermined approximationexpression.
 14. A radio controlled watch comprising: a satellite radiowave receiving apparatus according to claim 9; a counter configured tocount a date and time; and a display configured to display an hour basedon the date and time counted by the counter, wherein the demodulatorcalculates a current date and time from the acquired signal, andcorrects the date and time counted by the counter according to thecalculated current date and time.
 15. A code signal acquiring method foracquiring a code signal from a reception signal of a radio waveincluding a code signal transmitted from a satellite, the code signalacquiring method comprising: identifying a pseudo-random code sequenceused for performing spread spectrum to the code signal and a phase ofthe pseudo-random code sequence in a transmission period; identifying acode type of the code signal for every transmission period; identifying,by comparing an array of the identified code type with a plurality ofcomparison arrays expected to appear as the array of the code type, ahead timing of each code in the code signal according to the comparisonarray in which a result of the comparison satisfies a predeterminedcondition, wherein the comparison array has a length according to atransmission time of each code in the code signal, and wherein in thelength of the comparison array, a plurality of periods of results of thecomparison of the array of the code type with the comparison array isaccumulated; and identifying each code in synchronization with theidentified head timing.
 16. A non-transitory recording medium recordinga computer-readable program for acquiring a code signal from a receptionsignal of a radio wave including a code signal transmitted from asatellite, the computer-readable program causing a computer to: identifya pseudo-random code sequence used for performing spread spectrum to thecode signal and a phase of the pseudo-random code sequence in atransmission period; identify a code type of the code signal every timeaccording to the transmission period; identify, by comparing an array ofthe identified code type with a plurality of comparison arrays expectedto appear as the array of the code type, a head timing of each code inthe code signal according to the comparison array in which a result ofthe comparison satisfies a predetermined conditions, wherein thecomparison array has a length according to a transmission time of eachcode in the code signal, and wherein in the length of the comparisonarray, a plurality of periods of results of the comparison of the arrayof the code type with the comparison array is accumulated; and identifyeach code in synchronization with the identified head timing.